I currently serve as the Vice Minister of Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia. Before that, from 2002 to 2014 I was with IKOHI, a national association of victims of human rights violation. I was the Chair of AFAD, a Philippine-based Asian Federation Against Disappearances from 2006 to 2014. From 2015 to 2019 I was with INFID. From 2020 to 2024, I worked as a Senior Advisor at the Executive Office of the President of the Republic of Indonesia (KSP). I can be reached at mugiyanto@gmail.com.
Tuesday, November 06, 2012
In Memoriam Tuti Koto; Perempuan Hebat Itu Telah Pergi
Tidak mudah memisahkan isu penghilangan orang secara paksa (orang hilang) di Indonesia dengan figur Tuti Koto. Sama sulitnya dengan memisahkan KontraS dan IKOHI dengan Mami, begitu kami sering memangilnya. KontraS dan IKOHI didirikan karena kasus penghilangan orang secara paksa tahun 1997-1998. Dan salah satu figur yang terlibat di dalamnya, tak lain adalah Tuti Koto, dan Munir tentu saja. Kini keduanya telah meninggalkan kita. Munir dibunuh dengan racun di atas pesawat kebanggaan Indonesia, Garuda. Mami meninggal karena sakit, setelah 15 tahun menunggu pemerintah memberi kejelasan di mana anaknya, Yani Afri atau Rian sebagaimana Mami memanggil berada. Mami meninggal pada dini hari, 5 November 2012, sebelum ia menyaksikan Presiden SBY memenuhi janjinya, menemukan Yani Afri.
Harus Berani
Bagi kami di IKOHI, juga di KontraS, Mami adalah energi. Bersama para orang tua mereka yang hilang, Mami selalu mendorong kita untuk terus bertindak, lebih berani, lebih keras. Kami sangat bisa memahami Mami, karena kami tahu bagaimana rasanya menunggu dalam ketidakpastian selama 15 tahun.
"Mugi, saya nggak mau lagi ketemu orang-orang itu (Anggota DPR, Menteri, dll.). Nggak ada gunanya. Capek. Saya hanya ingin ketemu SBY. Hanya dia yang bisa menemukan Rian". Begitu kata Mami suatu saat di Kantor IKOHI di daerah Kalasan Dalam, Jakarta.
"Tapi Mami, susah ketemu SBY. Kita ini dianggap tidak penting bagi dia". Begitu jawabku saat itu.
"Kalau ia tidak mau menemui kita, biar saya nginep di depan Istana, saya tidak takut. Saya tidak takut ditembak, apalagi ditangkap". Katanya keras dengan tatapan mata tajam dan nafas tersengal.
Kami yang duduk disekitar Mami terdiam, tidak langsung menanggapi. Kami saling menatap. Saya masih ingat, Simon yang menimpali waktu itu, "Ya sudah, Mami, nanti kita dirikan tenda di depan Istana"
"Tantangan" Mami akhirnya kami sambut. Tanggal 27 September 2010, kami demonstrasi dengan mendirikan tenda di depan Istana Negara. Benar kata Mami, hasilnya kita semua ditangkap, diangkut dan diinterogasi di Polres Jakarta Pusat. 30 orang banyaknya. (Lihat: http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2010/09/27/21090127/polisi.tangkap.pendemo.di.depan.istana). Hasilnya, Presiden SBY masih diam. Kali ini ini Mami salah. Keesokannya kami hanya diundang oleh Menkopolhukam Joko Suyanto yang katanya hendak menjadi katalisator para korban. Katanya, ia hendak menyampaikan pada Presiden SBY apa yang kami minta; Kembalikan 13 aktifis yang masih hilang! Tapi apakah Presiden SBY bertindak? Tidak. Dan Mami-pun sangat kecewa.
"Mugi, kenapa Presiden kita yang satu ini sangat pengecut ya? Waktu saya ketemu dia, ia janji akan selesaikan kasus-kasus kita ini" Saya tersenyum kecut mendengar pertanyaan retorik Mami, karena memang benar Mami bersama beberapa korban lain dan didampingi Kontras pernah bertemu Presiden SBY.
Berangkat Haji
Tetapi Mami adalah satu-satunya keluarga korban pelanggaran HAM yang sedikit beruntung. Oleh Denny Indrayana yang waktu itu menjadi Staf Khusus SBY Bidang Hukum, HAM dan Pemberantasan Korupsi, Mami diberangkatkan ke tanah suci. Kata Denny, itu dari uang pribadi Joko Suyanto yang diberikan kepada Mami karena alasan kemanusiaan. Tidak ada faktor Pemerintah atau Negara di sini.
Atas tindakan Denny ini, saya sempat marah dan sampaikan kekecewaan melalui stafnya, Jimmy (Fajrimei Gofar). Saya tidak marah karena Mami diberangkatkan Haji, karena baiknya para korban yang ingin berangkat Haji juga diberangkatkan. Kami waktu itu keberatan dengan cara Denny Indrayana yang dalam "pemberian bantuan" tidak transparan, selektif dan karenanya diskriminatif. Kepada Denny sebagai Staf Khusus, kami telah berikan konsep "Format Penyelesaian Pelanggaran HAM Berat Masa Lalu", termasuk bagaimana memenuhi hak korban atas reparasi yang terdiri dari kompensasi, rehabilitasi dan restitusi. Tapi, sampai hari ini masukan kami tersebut masih tidak dihiraukan.
Ya, Mami beruntung bisa berangkat ke Tanah Suci, yang merupakan impian hampir semua umat Muslim. Namun demikian, berkali-kali Mami sampaikan ke saya, "Mugi, walaupun saya diberangkatkan Haji, tapi ini tidak berarti perjuangan Mami untuk mencari Rian akan berhenti. Mami ini nggak tahu politik, tapi Mami tahu, kita ini negara hukum dan hukum harus ditegakkan. Supaya tidak ada lagi orang yang mengalami seperti yang Mami alami"
Saya percaya dengan Mami, karena pada kenyataannya Mami terus menghubungi kami, apa yang akan dilakukan oleh IKOHI dan Kontras dan minta agar Mami diundang. Tetapi sekali lagi Mami memiliki syarat, "Tapi kalau tidak dengan SBY, Mami gak usah ikut. Hanya SBY yang bisa selesaikan kasus Mami ini!"
Tapi sayangnya, beberapa bulan terakhir, Mami tidak bisa terlibat dalam aktifitas advokasi ke DPR, Perwakilan PBB di Jakarta dll. Kesehatan mami turun drastis. Akhirnya, kami berhasil mendesak Lembaga Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban (LPSK) untuk menyediakan layanan medis yang memang merupakan mandat LPSK. Ketika sedang dalam layanan LPSK inilah kondisi Mami memburuk. Awalnya ia mengeluh tidak bisa jalan karena kakinya seperti lumpuh. Tapi akhirnya sakit akut pada usus yang dideritanyalah yang membuat Mami menghembuskan nafas terakhir menemui yang memberi hidup persis pada dini hari setelah Mami berulang tahun ke-76, 5 November 2012.
Beristirahatlah dengan tenang, Mami. Semoga amal ibadahmu pada diri dan kemanusiaan membuatmu mendapatkan tempat terbaik yang dimiliki Tuhan Yang Maha Adil.
Tidak ada yang sia-sia dari kesulitan-kesulitan yang Mami hadapi selama hidup di dunia. Persis sama dengan yang diucapkan oleh Ibu-ibu di Amerika Latin 30 tahun lalu di konfres FEDEFAM di Costa Rica yang juga memperjuangkan anak-anak mereka yang hilang. No Hay Dolor Inutil!
Sunday, September 09, 2012
No One Is Responsible for Murdering Munir and Thousands Others in Indonesia
Munir, one of the most prominent human rights activists in Indonesia (http://mugiyanto.blogspot.com/2004/11/munir-obituary.html ) was poisoned and died of it on board of Garuda Indonesian, the official Indonesian Airline when he was traveling from Jakarta to Amsterdam on September, 2004. Today, 8 years after his murder, all the mastermind escaped justice, but Polycarpus, a non flying pilot, who was sentenced 20 years in prison.
But who and what is the motive of Polycarpus for killing Munir in such a sadistic way? Isn't it true that the Fact Finding Team formed by President Yudhoyono found many evidences that linked Deputy V on Mobilization and Propaganda of the notorious State Intelligent Body (BIN) with the murder?
This is the irony if not tragedy of Indonesia, the third largest democracy, and the largest Moslem country as the westerns like to name my country.
Let alone those who killed Munir, a single person, a prominent, consistent, dedicated and courageous human rights and democracy defender. Even those who killed hundreds thousands if not millions of people in 1965-1966, and thousands others in Aceh, Papua, Timor and other parts of Indonesia were never brought to justice.
I meet many people from different countries, frequently. Many of them do not agree with the way the western officials see and praise Indonesian democracy and human rights situation. And when some of them do so, I feel so embarrassed and it turn my face red.
The absence of justice and accountability gives a message that "in Indonesia, killing hundreds of thousands of innocence is not a crime". We can see this in the recently launched documentary file "The Act of Killing" of Joshua Oppenheim (www.theactofkilling.com)
"In Indonesia, abducting pro democracy activists and making them disappeared is not a crime" (http://mugiyanto.blogspot.com/2010/08/families-of-missing-wait-for-president.html)
"In Indonesia, poisoning prominent human rights activists like Munir is not a crime" (http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/news/questions-remain-on-munir-8-years-on/542865)
In my country, Indonesia, there have been so many cases of gross human rights violation, which are serious crimes under international law, no single responsible person had been held accountable. There are so many cases with hundreds thousands if not millions of victims, but there is no perpetrator. So who actually committed the crimes?
But who and what is the motive of Polycarpus for killing Munir in such a sadistic way? Isn't it true that the Fact Finding Team formed by President Yudhoyono found many evidences that linked Deputy V on Mobilization and Propaganda of the notorious State Intelligent Body (BIN) with the murder?
This is the irony if not tragedy of Indonesia, the third largest democracy, and the largest Moslem country as the westerns like to name my country.
Let alone those who killed Munir, a single person, a prominent, consistent, dedicated and courageous human rights and democracy defender. Even those who killed hundreds thousands if not millions of people in 1965-1966, and thousands others in Aceh, Papua, Timor and other parts of Indonesia were never brought to justice.
I meet many people from different countries, frequently. Many of them do not agree with the way the western officials see and praise Indonesian democracy and human rights situation. And when some of them do so, I feel so embarrassed and it turn my face red.
The absence of justice and accountability gives a message that "in Indonesia, killing hundreds of thousands of innocence is not a crime". We can see this in the recently launched documentary file "The Act of Killing" of Joshua Oppenheim (www.theactofkilling.com)
"In Indonesia, abducting pro democracy activists and making them disappeared is not a crime" (http://mugiyanto.blogspot.com/2010/08/families-of-missing-wait-for-president.html)
"In Indonesia, poisoning prominent human rights activists like Munir is not a crime" (http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/news/questions-remain-on-munir-8-years-on/542865)
In my country, Indonesia, there have been so many cases of gross human rights violation, which are serious crimes under international law, no single responsible person had been held accountable. There are so many cases with hundreds thousands if not millions of victims, but there is no perpetrator. So who actually committed the crimes?
Wednesday, July 25, 2012
Indonesia's 1965-1966 Massacre a Gross Violation of Human Rights
After a long and tiring struggle, on July 23, 2012 the Indonesian National Commission on Human Rights (Komnas HAM) finally announced that the massacre of more than 500,000 persons accused of being the members and sympathizers of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) in 1965-1966 is a gross violation of human rights. This conclusion is based on the result of the preliminary investigation of the Komnas HAM for four years.
"Our investigation has concluded that the mass killing was organized, done systematically and widespread all across the archipelago except Papua. The killings had also featured similar patterns, starting with victims being arrested and detained in military camp, where they were interrogated, tortured, raped or murdered,” said Nur Kholis, the head of Komnas HAM’s investigative team, at a press briefing on Monday as reported by The Jakarta Post newspaper (http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/07/24/1965-purge-a-gross-violation-human-rights.html)
The investigation of Komnas HAM took 4 years by questioning more than 400 victims and witnesses. The report of Komnas HAM is 840 pages thick.
On Wednesday, 25 July 2012, victims group and NGOs (Kontras, IKOHI, Elsam, AJAR and LBH Jakarta) carried out a press conference in response to the report of Komnas HAM.
The speakers consider that "the National Human Rights Commission inquiry report has opened the door for a variety of measures to revealed the truth, provide legal certainty and justice for the victims and bring a change in the alignment of history through the recognition of the various practices of violence in the past, especially in our politics of the New Order regime. This is an important step, by given the condition of the victim of growing concern, due to old, sick and poor. In fact, based on the information from the region in recent months, there are at least four victims who died a month. Until now, victims still has been received discrimination laws or social stigma. This indicates that until the final seconds of the release of this report, the victims still continue to get impact of the continuing as a result of incidents occurring in the past"
The organizations put the following recommendations:
1. President with the House of Representative should immediately issued a decree forming Ad Hoc court that the Attorney General can investigate the recommendation from National Commission of Human Rights without delay
2. Attorney-General should immediately follow up the further investigation by call witnesses, and suspects who are still alive
3. The House of Representative should conduct effective oversight to the Attorney General and the Government to ensure the implementation of the NHRI's recommendations.
4. President should immediately take the necessary steps to develop policies for the recovery of the immediate victims, both associated with the reparation, rehabilitation and cessation of discrimination against victims
5. NHRI to submit the report also directly to the President and the Parliament, given the nature and special character of the massacre would be covered in the investigation of 1965-1967.
6. Witness and Victims Protection Agency to maximize the support of fulfillment the rights of victim by referring to the NHRI's report.
"Our investigation has concluded that the mass killing was organized, done systematically and widespread all across the archipelago except Papua. The killings had also featured similar patterns, starting with victims being arrested and detained in military camp, where they were interrogated, tortured, raped or murdered,” said Nur Kholis, the head of Komnas HAM’s investigative team, at a press briefing on Monday as reported by The Jakarta Post newspaper (http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/07/24/1965-purge-a-gross-violation-human-rights.html)
The investigation of Komnas HAM took 4 years by questioning more than 400 victims and witnesses. The report of Komnas HAM is 840 pages thick.
On Wednesday, 25 July 2012, victims group and NGOs (Kontras, IKOHI, Elsam, AJAR and LBH Jakarta) carried out a press conference in response to the report of Komnas HAM.
The speakers consider that "the National Human Rights Commission inquiry report has opened the door for a variety of measures to revealed the truth, provide legal certainty and justice for the victims and bring a change in the alignment of history through the recognition of the various practices of violence in the past, especially in our politics of the New Order regime. This is an important step, by given the condition of the victim of growing concern, due to old, sick and poor. In fact, based on the information from the region in recent months, there are at least four victims who died a month. Until now, victims still has been received discrimination laws or social stigma. This indicates that until the final seconds of the release of this report, the victims still continue to get impact of the continuing as a result of incidents occurring in the past"
The organizations put the following recommendations:
1. President with the House of Representative should immediately issued a decree forming Ad Hoc court that the Attorney General can investigate the recommendation from National Commission of Human Rights without delay
2. Attorney-General should immediately follow up the further investigation by call witnesses, and suspects who are still alive
3. The House of Representative should conduct effective oversight to the Attorney General and the Government to ensure the implementation of the NHRI's recommendations.
4. President should immediately take the necessary steps to develop policies for the recovery of the immediate victims, both associated with the reparation, rehabilitation and cessation of discrimination against victims
5. NHRI to submit the report also directly to the President and the Parliament, given the nature and special character of the massacre would be covered in the investigation of 1965-1967.
6. Witness and Victims Protection Agency to maximize the support of fulfillment the rights of victim by referring to the NHRI's report.
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